![]() ![]() ![]() The region has made some progress in incorporating energy- and water-saving technologies in housing, but much remains to be done to reduce cities’ environmental footprints. Excessive Pollution and Low Climate Mitigation and ResilienceĬities can reduce emissions and improve quality of life by transforming their urban plans, built environment, and energy use. Gaps in urban service delivery particularly affect women, children, elders, and people with disabilities, who make up about two-thirds of a city’s residents (Libertun et al., 2020). LAC cities are undersupplied with safe public green spaces, and distribution and quality are uneven. The likelihood of living in an underserved or informal neighborhood depends on ethnicity, birthplace, and other characteristics beyond people’s control. Inequality in cities is persistent and deep, with the main cities in many countries experiencing greater inequality than for the whole country and with inequality in some cities rising as the number of people living in poverty falls (UN Habitat, 2016). To promote fair, sustainable, and productive cities, four challenges need to be overcome. Though cities are often the epicenters of crises-as in the current COVID-19 pandemic-they also have the tools to solve crises. LAC cities have tremendous potential to lift people out of poverty, increase productivity, and change consumption patterns to protect the environment. Increasingly, urban governance requires greater focus on metropolitan areas expanding over many municipalities that share one single labor market and cultural identity. In terms of urban form, 80 percent of LAC’s cities have densities above the world average of 1,500 persons per square kilometer (Ferreira and Roberts, 2018) however, they are sprawling and their consumption of natural resources and rural lands is growing (Hasse and Lathrop, 2003). Also, rural-to-urban migration is gradually being eclipsed by urban-to-urban migration, with over half of all urban migrants coming from other cities (Bernard et al., 2017). ![]() ![]() Although the region’s 10 largest cities are home to one in four households, fast growing mid-sized cities are increasingly important (Jedwab et al., 2015). If current demographic trends continue, by 2050 more than 86 percent of the region’s population will be living in cities (UN, 2018). Cities in Latin America and the Caribbean are changing and leading the region’s transformation. ![]()
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